Pigmentation refers to areas of the skin that become darker than the surrounding skin tone due to an overproduction of melanin. It can show up in various forms, including: Dark spots or patches – Also known as sunspots, age spots, or liver spots; often caused by UV exposure. Freckles – Small, scattered brown spots, usually appearing with sun exposure. Melasma – Larger, symmetrical patches of brown or grey-brown pigment, often on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, or chin. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) – Dark marks left behind after acne, injury, or inflammation. Uneven skin tone – General dullness or patchiness, giving the complexion a blotchy appearance. Pigmentation can be subtle or pronounced and is often more visible in natural light or without makeup. While harmless, it can impact the overall clarity and radiance of the skin.